Native Americans And Christianity During Nineteenth...

Marissa Moran Dr. Carayon HIST 384 11 November 2014 Native Americans and Christianity in Eighteenth Century America Eighteenth century New England was a place of spiritual revival affecting more than just unevangelized colonists but people of all races and religions, including Native Americans. Between the years 1700 and 1820, there was a series of movements, known collectively as the Great Awakening, which consisted of localized religious resurgences that involved several denominations of Christianity. The objective of the Great Awakening was to spread the word of Christ to those who had not yet had a spiritual experience with Him. Native Americans were greatly exposed to the Great Awakening through a number of methods used by the colonists including sermons and the institution of Christian boarding schools for Native children. Each individual Indian responded to the revival in their own unique way, some denouncing Christianity, some embracing it, and some feeling indifferent towards it; however, throughout the course of the book, The Indian Great Awakening: Religion and the Shaping of Native Cu ltures in North America, author Linford Fisher reestablishes the idea that there was Indian conversion to Christianity, and explains that Native Americans at this time were more likely to affiliate themselves with the church rather than to fully convert. Across the broad landscape of New England, countless Native communities were altered in some aspect by their EuropeanShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of America, A Nation Known For Its Democracy,1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America, a nation known for its democracy, liberty, and equality is a place where all can come that seek a better life while on the pursuit of happiness. All except those who classify themselves as Muslim, it seems. 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Different Methods of Endorsing a Check Free Essays

An indorsement is made by the holder of a check when he or she wants to negotiate it or wants to indicate a limitation as to its specific purpose. An example of a specific purpose is when the indorser only wants the check to be deposited to an account, not cashed over the counter. A third purpose of indorsement is when a bank or a person paying for the amount indicated in the check wants to obtain the liability of the person negotiating the check. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Methods of Endorsing a Check or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indorsement could be done by the holder in several ways, namely: by special indorsement, blank indorsement, restrictive indorsement, and qualified indorsement.  (Mallor-Barnes-Bowers-Langvardt, 2007) Special indorsement means that the holder of the check affixes his or her signature on the back of the check and then writes down the name of the specific person who could negotiate it or authorize to have it negotiated. For instance, a check has been specially indorsed to John Smith if the holder of the check (say, Mary Walters) wrote on the back thereof his name as payee and affixes his/her signature below John Smith’s name. A holder, for this purpose, refers to the person who has in his or her possession a check which is â€Å"payable to bearer† or made out in his or her name. When the check has been specially indorsed to John Smith, he, in turn, becomes a holder of the check who is authorized either to negotiate the check or indorse it to someone else. (Mallor et al. , 2007)  §3-205 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) specifically states that â€Å"When specially indorsed, an instrument becomes payable to the identified person and may be negotiated only by the indorsement of that person.† (Cornell University Law School, n. d. ) Blank indorsement occurs when the holder simply affixes his or her signature at the back of the check without identifying any person as payee or indorsee. In the example, Mary Walters, as payee of the check, simply signs her name on the back of the check without naming any particular person to whom the check could be paid. In this case, having indorsed the check in blank, Mary has converted the check into a â€Å"payable to bearer† check. It could therefore be transferred by anyone who acquires it. If it is John Smith who takes possession of the check, he can negotiate it by simply writing his or her name on the back of the check, thereby identifying him as the person to whom the check could be paid. His act of writing his name effectively converts a blank-indorsed check to a specially indorsed check. (Mallor et al. , 2007) â€Å"When indorsed in blank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone until specially indorsed. † (Cornell University Law School, n. d. ) Restrictive indorsement refers to a situation when a check is indorsed to satisfy a specific purpose only. A case in point is when a person wants that a check issued to him – like for example a paycheck or a check which represents proceeds from an insurance claim – should only be deposited in his account at a specified bank, he or she should indicate in so many words by writing down, for instance, the following: â€Å"For Deposit to my Account at Chase Manhattan Bank. † This restricts the indorsement to the purpose specified. If, for any reason some other person other than the payee presents the check which is so indorsed to a bank, the law states that said bank should ensure that the proceeds of the check should go to the specified account. If the bank releases the amount to the person who presents the check, said bank will be liable under the principle of conversion. Judge McEwen of the New York Supreme Court, in Lehigh Presbytery v. Merchants Bancorp, Inc. (Penn. Super. Ct. 1991) said that the UCC orders banks to honor such restrictions or be liable for any resulting losses, saying that this principle was meant â€Å"to prevent† fraud. (As cited in Mallor et al. , 2007) Qualified indorsement is a type of indorsement which could be made on checks which have been indorsed specially or in blank. This is resorted to by an indorser who wishes to free himself or herself from any liability in case of default on the part of the person who issued the check by writing the words â€Å"Without Recourse. † In other words, if the maker of the check fails to meet his or her obligation, the indorser would not be liable if he or she qualifies the indorsement.  § 3-415 of the UCC has specifically provided that although the indorser â€Å"is obliged to pay the amount due† on a dishonored instrument, in a qualified indorsement â€Å"the indorser is not liable †¦ to pay the instrument.† (Cornell University Law School, n. d. ) The law governing negotiable instruments, specifically the methods of indorsing a check, is one of those laws which were passed not only to govern the conduct of business in the country but also to help Americans protect their hard-earned wealth from scheming, unscrupulous individuals. As it stands, the law on negotiable instruments which has withstood the test of time merits the support of every well-meaning citizen of the country. How to cite Different Methods of Endorsing a Check, Papers

Position Paper Tenure Versus Non-Tenure free essay sample

This comes as enrollments continue to set records and economically troubled times strain resources. Between 1 992 and 1998, according to figures from the American Council on Education, across all institutions of higher learning in the United States, the percentage of tenure-track faculty declined from 41 to 38 percent. Among public research universities, the decrease was from 63. 5 to 57. 6 percent. Nation-wide, the presence of part-time faculty grew by 79 percent between 1981 and the turn of the century. The issue has attracted the attention of the media, university trustees, faculty councils, and students across the country as administrators struggle to find he right balance for their campuses. Indiana University is not exempt from the debate. II is following the national trend in one regard ? the number of entendre- track full-time positions has increased on all campuses. But the university is bucking the national trend of more part-time positions. At Indiana, the number of part-time faculty has declined at ELIJAH and has held fairly steady at other campuses. We will write a custom essay sample on Position Paper Tenure Versus Non-Tenure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The greatest faculty growth lies in full-time entendre- track teaching positions. QUIP is a good example. The Indianapolis campus had increased enrollment, UT it had exactly the same number of full-time tenure-track faculty, 1,327, in the fall 2002 semester as it did in 1997. Full-time entendre-track faculty were up, however, from 486 in 1997 to 735 in 2002. And part-time ranks declined from 942 to 824 during that same period. One reason for the entendre-track faculty trend is budgetary. In many cases, its cheaper to hire nutcrackers instructors.Another reason is the opening of clinical ranks beyond the health fields. Within the last decade, disciplines such as business, education, and even the arts and humanities eve begun to assign clinical tags to some appointments. But perhaps the main reason for the trend at II is a 2001 policy recommended by the University Faculty Council and adopted by Ilks trustees. The policy aimed to consolidate part-time positions to full-time posts, with responsibility for larger teaching loads and service work.Tenure-track faculty: In this article, the term includes all faculty who have tenure or are what the university calls tenure-probationary, which means they will be evaluated for tenure after a certain number of years on the job. Tenure-track faculty are categorized as professors, associate professors, and assistant professors. Their primary responsibilities include teaching, research, and service. Librarians also have tenure-track appointments. Responsibilities Of tenure-track librarians include library work, research, and service. Entendre-track faculty: Categories include clinical faculty and lecturers, as well as acting, visiting, and adjunct appointments. Clinical and lecturer appointments are full time. As entendre-track faculty, they are evaluated only on teaching and service. Clinical faculty: The primary duties of clinical faculty are to teach students and residents or fellows and to provide or supervise professional activities. Lecturer: Primary duties are teaching and activities and service that support teaching.Appointments are full time and on a continuing basis (three- to five year contracts). Acting, adjunct, and visiting faculty: These terms may modify titles in any appointment classification, but constitute a distinct neutered appointment classification. Acting appointment: Indicates a temporary appointment with the understanding that when a specified condition is met (for example, when a degree is completed), the appointee will receive a regular appointment. Acting appointments may not continue for longer than two years, except in special circumstances.Adjunct faculty: Whether compensated or volunteer, an adjunct faculty member has a career primarily in another position or employment. Appointments are part time and renewable annually, as needed. Adjuncts usually contribute specialized teaching or service. Visiting appointment: Temporary appointments may continue for no longer Han two years, except under special circumstances. Visiting appointees are required to have the qualifications appropriate to the classification. These are often short-term, fill-in appointments (e. G replacements for faculty on leave).Part-time faculty: This is no longer an appointment classification. Since 2001, it is a descriptive term indicating that the appointee is in less than a full-time equivalent position. Some part-time faculty appointed prior to 2001 still carry professorial titles but remain ineligible for tenure. We felt that full-time occult, even if they are not tenure-track, could give counseling time and have office hours more readily than an adjunct, who is probably employed in some other capacity, says Fred Shoehorn, BBS52, SODS, president of the board of trustees.